March 15 stands out as one of Hungary’s three national holidays, alongside October 23 and August 20. This day commemorates the Revolution of 1848, symbolizing Hungary’s pursuit of national independence and democracy. Here, we delve into the historical roots of this significant event and the enduring traditions associated with it.
Historical Background
The year 1848 witnessed upheavals throughout Europe, including the Habsburg area where Hungary was not exempt. This period marked a pivotal moment in Hungary’s modern history, shaping its national identity profoundly.
Having been part of the Austrian Empire since the early 19th century, Hungary maintained a quasi-independent status, linked mainly through a common monarch. However, widespread dissatisfaction with taxation, coupled with a desire for press freedom, religious freedom, and an independent Hungarian parliament, fueled the revolutionary spirit in 1848. This quest for independence aligned with similar movements across Europe.
The emergence of Lajos Kossuth in the parliament intensified demands for full independence, leading to Habsburg military intervention. A fierce war for independence unfolded, culminating in severe Austrian defeats in 1849. Despite the ultimate loss, the 1848 revolution remains a pivotal point in Hungarian history, influencing the eventual establishment of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1867, granting greater autonomy to the Kingdom of Hungary.
How do Hungarians celebrate March 15?
Over the years, March 15 has become a symbol of an independent and modern Hungary, prompting annual celebrations steeped in traditions and customs. A prominent custom involves wearing a special tricolor badge, known as “kokárda” in Hungarian, featuring red, white, and green ribbons mirroring the national flag’s colors. These badges, often handcrafted, are widely available in stores during this period. Additionally, Hungarian flags adorn numerous buildings, both public and private.
Given the significance of the day, stores, shops, and most public places close their doors on March 15, providing students at Hungarian universities with a day off. While the pandemic may affect public events, traditional commemorations usually include family-friendly programs at the Castle, flag hoisting at the Parliament building on Kossuth Square, a march to the National Museum’s garden, and public speeches honoring the heroes of the 1848 Hungarian Revolution.
